Science disciplines use a diverse range of inquiry practices to explore the natural world and different questions require different approaches, to gain fuller understanding.

Recognising the differences and similarities between chemistry and biology methodologies, ways of communicating, and how data can be applied to answer a question in different situations, are skills that scientists need when investigating the natural world. Interpreting the chemistry or biology of natural world examples can be complex. By modelling reactions and concepts in the laboratory, ākonga can use accessible communication tools to enhance their understanding and interpretation of observations, relating to the wider world outside of the laboratory. Modelling of more complex ideas will allow ākonga to engage with different knowledge systems and perspectives more meaningfully, as they relate to scientific issues.

Ākonga are complex biological systems, living within a network of larger and more complex biological systems, all of which rely on the fundamental principles of chemical change. Ākonga will bring their own perspectives of how matter and energy are transferred throughout the environment and living things. Investigating this further through both biology and chemistry perspectives allows ākonga to explore the complex systems that they are part of. Understanding that matter is conserved, even as it moves through a system, helps ākonga to understand the balance and disruption of natural systems. It will allow ākonga to recognise patterns in the ways that chemical reactions rearrange atoms and redistribute energy, both in laboratory models, as well as the wider world. The conservation of energy and matter is important foundational learning. It underpins all aspects of chemistry, including the chemistry occurring in biological systems at every level of complexity. It will allow ākonga to recognise the impact of chemicals on all aspects of society and explore how this depends on the state, quantity, and location of the chemicals. 

All matter is made up of chemicals, which are composed of submicroscopic particles. The arrangement and interactive forces between these particles determine the properties of a material. Understanding the link between particles and properties will help ākonga identify the purpose or impact chemicals may have. This will allow a deeper understanding of why certain materials are chosen for a purpose, by applying knowledge of how different materials can behave or interact in varied conditions, both in the laboratory and wider world. Understanding the properties of matter can be used to inform decision-making, and address issues about human and environmental wellbeing.

To understand the world, ākonga must understand the intricate interconnections between themselves, other living things, and the environment. Understanding the nature of DNA as the universal molecule of inheritance allows ākonga to appreciate how all living things are connected via the rich information carried in genes.

An understanding of self, being of equal standing with all other living things, allows ākonga to see their place as part of, rather than separate or superior to, ecosystems, flora, and fauna. It will allow ākonga a more meaningful understanding of the connections within and between all living creatures, and to see how any change in the balance of these interconnections will impact everything in the system, be it an ecosystem or a living organism. Understanding links between health of the environment and health of self will allow ākonga to see their importance as part of biological systems, from the level of the individual to a larger ecosystem, or our planet as a whole.