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Ministry of Education New Zealand
NCEA Education
3/6/2023 10:45 AM  |  Physics, Earth and Space Science  |  https://ncea.education.govt.nz/mi/node/537

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Ko te tauira reo Pākehā kē tēnei o te whārangi nei, i te korenga o tētahi tauira reo Māori.
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  • What is Physics, Earth and Space Science about?
  • Big Ideas and Significant Learning
  • Key Competencies in Physics, Earth and Space Science
  • Connections
  • Learning Pathway

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  • Title: Draft for Pilot 2023
  • Description: PESS Learning Matrix
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PESS Learning Matrix
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What is Physics, Earth and Space Science about?

[ Video Resource ]

  • Title: Physics, Earth and Space Science
  • Description: Physics, Earth and Space Science Subject Expert Group members discuss their experiences in the Review of Achievement Standards
  • Video Duration: 5 minutes
  • Video URL: https://player.vimeo.com/video/571924177
  • Transcript: In conversation with David Housden Mere Manning Mairi Borthwick Transcript below: It's definitely more student-centered

Subject-specific terms can be found in the glossary.

This consolidated subject weaves together learning from the physical world and planet Earth and beyond strands of The New Zealand Curriculum (NZC). Through both of these strands, ākonga will develop ways of thinking and ways of working in science; in particular, physics, and Earth and space science.

Physics is a discipline of science which aims to explain the nature and properties of matter and energy. Through investigating the physical world, ākonga will describe, explain, and predict physical phenomena using models, laws, and theories of physics. Concepts such as motion, force, and energy will be used to create an understanding of the physical world, its systems, and its processes.

Earth and Space Science explores the dynamic and interconnected systems of planet Earth, and space. Through the planet Earth and beyond strand, ākonga will learn about Earth, its systems and subsystems, and its interactions with the Sun and the Moon in the Solar System.

This subject places emphasis on the physical world of Aotearoa New Zealand and the Pacific, including different knowledge systems that contribute to responsible decision making in our natural environment. Ākonga will learn about science ideas and how to use them to interpret the natural world. They will also learn that human actions can impact Earth and space systems, and that these systems are central to our health and wellbeing.

Whakataukī

Mā te whakaaro nui e hanga te whare; mā te mātauranga e whakaū.

Big Ideas create the house; knowledge maintains it.

The Science Learning Area whakataukī draws on the image of the wharenui to describe important ideas. This is significant in several ways.

Before the wharenui is built, the foundation must be firm and level. In science, respect for evidence is the foundation on which all ideas are built. The wharenui is constructed using various materials, and each serves a specific purpose with its own uniqueness. A poupou (wall post) is not the same as a heke (rafter), but they are joined and connected to make one wharenui. Science is also made of various disciplines, with their own properties, that focus on different areas of knowledge. The different areas of science connect and overlap to strengthen our understanding of complex ideas.

The wharenui is built by people, for people. It is a place of meeting and learning, built to protect and serve people over time. Science too, is a knowledge base built by people, for people. It informs decisions we make about health, our environment, and leads to technological advancement, and wellbeing. It is important that people and their wellbeing are housed at the centre of scientific developments, so that the wharenui of ideas can protect and serve us well.

The whakataukī also refers to the maintenance of the wharenui through knowledge. To maintain the wharenui, scientists must think critically about new and old ideas, and constantly work to refine understanding. As new knowledge comes to light, scientists must adjust their thinking to carry the knowledge and ideas of the past into the future.

This wharenui of collected wisdom is a shared responsibility. Everyone who lives in this wharenui is responsible for its maintenance, and we, as kaitiaki, must learn the tools needed to maintain it well. Science learning from the past is a gift to us from our ancestors, and science literacy is how ākonga access this gift and contribute to it. Kaiako, ākonga, scientists, and society, build and maintain the wharenui of knowledge and ideas.

Subject-specific terms can be found in the glossary.

This consolidated subject weaves together learning from the physical world and planet Earth and beyond strands of The New Zealand Curriculum (NZC). Through both of these strands, ākonga will develop ways of thinking and ways of working in science; in particular, physics, and Earth and space science.

Physics is a discipline of science which aims to explain the nature and properties of matter and energy. Through investigating the physical world, ākonga will describe, explain, and predict physical phenomena using models, laws, and theories of physics. Concepts such as motion, force, and energy will be used to create an understanding of the physical world, its systems, and its processes.

Earth and Space Science explores the dynamic and interconnected systems of planet Earth, and space. Through the planet Earth and beyond strand, ākonga will learn about Earth, its systems and subsystems, and its interactions with the Sun and the Moon in the Solar System.

This subject places emphasis on the physical world of Aotearoa New Zealand and the Pacific, including different knowledge systems that contribute to responsible decision making in our natural environment. Ākonga will learn about science ideas and how to use them to interpret the natural world. They will also learn that human actions can impact Earth and space systems, and that these systems are central to our health and wellbeing.

Whakataukī

Mā te whakaaro nui e hanga te whare; mā te mātauranga e whakaū.

Big Ideas create the house; knowledge maintains it.

The Science Learning Area whakataukī draws on the image of the wharenui to describe important ideas. This is significant in several ways.

Before the wharenui is built, the foundation must be firm and level. In science, respect for evidence is the foundation on which all ideas are built. The wharenui is constructed using various materials, and each serves a specific purpose with its own uniqueness. A poupou (wall post) is not the same as a heke (rafter), but they are joined and connected to make one wharenui. Science is also made of various disciplines, with their own properties, that focus on different areas of knowledge. The different areas of science connect and overlap to strengthen our understanding of complex ideas.

The wharenui is built by people, for people. It is a place of meeting and learning, built to protect and serve people over time. Science too, is a knowledge base built by people, for people. It informs decisions we make about health, our environment, and leads to technological advancement, and wellbeing. It is important that people and their wellbeing are housed at the centre of scientific developments, so that the wharenui of ideas can protect and serve us well.

The whakataukī also refers to the maintenance of the wharenui through knowledge. To maintain the wharenui, scientists must think critically about new and old ideas, and constantly work to refine understanding. As new knowledge comes to light, scientists must adjust their thinking to carry the knowledge and ideas of the past into the future.

This wharenui of collected wisdom is a shared responsibility. Everyone who lives in this wharenui is responsible for its maintenance, and we, as kaitiaki, must learn the tools needed to maintain it well. Science learning from the past is a gift to us from our ancestors, and science literacy is how ākonga access this gift and contribute to it. Kaiako, ākonga, scientists, and society, build and maintain the wharenui of knowledge and ideas.

Big Ideas and Significant Learning

This section outlines the meaning of, and connection between, the Big Ideas and Significant Learning, which together form the Learning Matrix. It then explains each of the Big Ideas in Physics, Earth and Space Science. 

The Science Learning Area, including its whakataukī, informs this subject's Significant Learning. This learning is critical for students to know, understand, and do in relation to the subject by the end of each Curriculum Level. This covers knowledge, skills, competencies, and attitudes. It also includes level-appropriate contexts that ākonga will encounter in their education.

The subject's Big Ideas and Significant Learning are collated into a Learning Matrix for Curriculum Level 6. Teachers can use the Learning Matrix as a tool to construct learning programmes that cover all the not-to-be-missed learning in a subject.

There is no prescribed order to the Learning Matrix. A programme of learning may begin with a context that is relevant to the local area of the school or an idea that students are particularly interested in. This context or topic must relate to at least one Big Idea and may also link to other Big Ideas. 

There are four Big Ideas in Physics, Earth and Space Science. The nature of this subject as a discipline means aspects of Significant Learning often relate to more than one Big Idea, and vice versa. 

This section outlines the meaning of, and connection between, the Big Ideas and Significant Learning, which together form the Learning Matrix. It then explains each of the Big Ideas in Physics, Earth and Space Science. 

The Science Learning Area, including its whakataukī, informs this subject's Significant Learning. This learning is critical for students to know, understand, and do in relation to the subject by the end of each Curriculum Level. This covers knowledge, skills, competencies, and attitudes. It also includes level-appropriate contexts that ākonga will encounter in their education.

The subject's Big Ideas and Significant Learning are collated into a Learning Matrix for Curriculum Level 6. Teachers can use the Learning Matrix as a tool to construct learning programmes that cover all the not-to-be-missed learning in a subject.

There is no prescribed order to the Learning Matrix. A programme of learning may begin with a context that is relevant to the local area of the school or an idea that students are particularly interested in. This context or topic must relate to at least one Big Idea and may also link to other Big Ideas. 

There are four Big Ideas in Physics, Earth and Space Science. The nature of this subject as a discipline means aspects of Significant Learning often relate to more than one Big Idea, and vice versa. 

Title: Earth and space systems are dynamic and interact with each other

Big Idea Body:

Interactions in our Solar System are observable and interconnected. Interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth produce the tides, the occurence of day and night, lunar cycles, eclipses, and the seasons. Latitude and the Earth’s rotation contribute to heat distribution within the atmosphere and hydrosphere, affecting climate and the circulation of matter and energy on Earth.

Understanding these interactions supports a comprehension of our place in the Solar System and beyond. Different knowledge systems bring different perspectives to the relationships between people, the Earth, and space systems. Maramataka draws on knowledge and understanding of Earth and space systems to inform planting and gathering food in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Big
Idea

Earth and space systems are dynamic and interact with each other

Interactions in our Solar System are observable and interconnected. Interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth produce the tides, the occurence of day and night, lunar cycles, eclipses, and the seasons. Latitude and the Earth’s rotation contribute to heat distribution within the atmosphere and hydrosphere, affecting climate and the circulation of matter and energy on Earth.

Understanding these interactions supports a comprehension of our place in the Solar System and beyond. Different knowledge systems bring different perspectives to the relationships between people, the Earth, and space systems. Maramataka draws on knowledge and understanding of Earth and space systems to inform planting and gathering food in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Title: Inquiry approaches can be applied to explain concepts of the physical world

Big Idea Body:

Physics, Earth and Space Science, like all fields of science, is founded on inquiry and investigations. Patterns of the physical world can be explored and understood using models and representations. Graphs, trends, and simulations allow physics and Earth space scientists to make predictions and look for explanations.

There are different inquiry processes associated with different knowledge systems. Each knowledge system has its own language, symbols, and processes to investigate and communicate ideas.

Big
Idea

Inquiry approaches can be applied to explain concepts of the physical world

Physics, Earth and Space Science, like all fields of science, is founded on inquiry and investigations. Patterns of the physical world can be explored and understood using models and representations. Graphs, trends, and simulations allow physics and Earth space scientists to make predictions and look for explanations.

There are different inquiry processes associated with different knowledge systems. Each knowledge system has its own language, symbols, and processes to investigate and communicate ideas.

Title: Interacting processes within and between Earth’s systems influence the surface, climate, and life on Earth

Big Idea Body:

Earth’s systems are dynamic and interwoven. The boundaries between one system and another are often arbitrary, and changes in one part can affect other parts in different ways.

We depend on the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere for our survival. Mātauranga Māori positions ākonga inside these Earth systems, interweaving the wellbeing of people with the wellbeing of the environment.

To make ethical, informed decisions, ākonga should understand how parts of the system interact, and the possible implications of changes in the system, particularly changes caused by human activities.

Big
Idea

Interacting processes within and between Earth’s systems influence the surface, climate, and life on Earth

Earth’s systems are dynamic and interwoven. The boundaries between one system and another are often arbitrary, and changes in one part can affect other parts in different ways.

We depend on the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere for our survival. Mātauranga Māori positions ākonga inside these Earth systems, interweaving the wellbeing of people with the wellbeing of the environment.

To make ethical, informed decisions, ākonga should understand how parts of the system interact, and the possible implications of changes in the system, particularly changes caused by human activities.

Title: Physical phenomena can be explained through physics principles and communicated using physics conventions

Big Idea Body:

A physical phenomenon is a natural event that has measurable physical attributes. Scientists investigate these phenomena by looking for patterns and relationships in their measurements. Motion, force, and energy have been explored in this way, and have rules and conventions that are used to explain them and make predictions.

Understanding these physics principles and conventions allows ākonga to ka mua, ka muri, walk backwards into the future, building on the knowledge of the past.

Big
Idea

Physical phenomena can be explained through physics principles and communicated using physics conventions

A physical phenomenon is a natural event that has measurable physical attributes. Scientists investigate these phenomena by looking for patterns and relationships in their measurements. Motion, force, and energy have been explored in this way, and have rules and conventions that are used to explain them and make predictions.

Understanding these physics principles and conventions allows ākonga to ka mua, ka muri, walk backwards into the future, building on the knowledge of the past.

Key Competencies in Physics, Earth and Space Science

Developing Key Competencies through Physics, Earth and Space Science

Learning in Physics, Earth and Space Science provides meaningful contexts for developing Key Competencies from The New Zealand Curriculum. These Key Competencies are woven through, and embedded in, the Big Ideas and Significant Learning. Ākonga will engage with critical thinking and analysis, explore different perspectives on scientific issues, and develop their understanding of the role of science in society.

Thinking

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • develop the ability to choose appropriate problem-solving strategies, for example, solving a simpler problem or looking at extremes
  • compare and contrast theories in order to understand the power and scope of a particular theory
  • contrast worldviews around the origins of the universe and investigate how these worldviews have shaped the scientific development of our understanding of the nature of our universe
  • develop understanding of cause and effect when looking at the interactions between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
  • make predictions about the effects of natural events
  • discuss the strengths and limitations of models.

Using language, symbols, and texts

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • understand that words have very specific physics meanings that may be different from everyday use
  • understand scale through metric system prefixes, for example, milli, micro, kilo
  • understand the importance of accuracy through the use of significant figures in data collection
  • use mathematical relationships and models
  • explore different ways of thinking and communicating information, for example, mathematical and visual thinking and the use of diagrams and analogies
  • become familiar with interpreting data in typical representations, for example, graphs, tables, diagrams, flow charts, and cycles
  • develop skills in communicating complex issues to a non-scientific audience
  • critique data and information and understand what is valid or reliable.

Relating to others

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • work collaboratively
  • use wānanga and talanoa to explore and extend ideas and help each other's understanding
  • explore different ways that things are represented and understood as well as different ways of thinking and generating knowledge
  • assess what information is relevant to a particular audience and how to communicate it most effectively.

Managing self

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • identify gaps in their own knowledge and ask for help
  • develop persistence when faced with challenging problems
  • embrace uncertainty and appreciate that a static view is unhelpful
  • develop time management and organisational skills in both independent and team contexts.

Participating and contributing

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • understand the implications of decisions in relation to concepts such as conservation of energy and adjust their own positions and that of others
  • apply understanding of concepts to real world examples 
  • critique the reliability and validity of evidence used in communication about science
  • use data to reach conclusions that can influence others about particular advances, for example, space travel, nuclear power, and climate change
  • develop and adapt communication styles that are appropriate to given audiences to discuss complex concepts.

Key Competencies

This section of The New Zealand Curriculum Online offers specific guidance to school leaders and teachers on integrating the Key Competencies into the daily activities of the school and its Teaching and Learning Programmes.

Developing Key Competencies through Physics, Earth and Space Science

Learning in Physics, Earth and Space Science provides meaningful contexts for developing Key Competencies from The New Zealand Curriculum. These Key Competencies are woven through, and embedded in, the Big Ideas and Significant Learning. Ākonga will engage with critical thinking and analysis, explore different perspectives on scientific issues, and develop their understanding of the role of science in society.

Thinking

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • develop the ability to choose appropriate problem-solving strategies, for example, solving a simpler problem or looking at extremes
  • compare and contrast theories in order to understand the power and scope of a particular theory
  • contrast worldviews around the origins of the universe and investigate how these worldviews have shaped the scientific development of our understanding of the nature of our universe
  • develop understanding of cause and effect when looking at the interactions between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
  • make predictions about the effects of natural events
  • discuss the strengths and limitations of models.

Using language, symbols, and texts

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • understand that words have very specific physics meanings that may be different from everyday use
  • understand scale through metric system prefixes, for example, milli, micro, kilo
  • understand the importance of accuracy through the use of significant figures in data collection
  • use mathematical relationships and models
  • explore different ways of thinking and communicating information, for example, mathematical and visual thinking and the use of diagrams and analogies
  • become familiar with interpreting data in typical representations, for example, graphs, tables, diagrams, flow charts, and cycles
  • develop skills in communicating complex issues to a non-scientific audience
  • critique data and information and understand what is valid or reliable.

Relating to others

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • work collaboratively
  • use wānanga and talanoa to explore and extend ideas and help each other's understanding
  • explore different ways that things are represented and understood as well as different ways of thinking and generating knowledge
  • assess what information is relevant to a particular audience and how to communicate it most effectively.

Managing self

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • identify gaps in their own knowledge and ask for help
  • develop persistence when faced with challenging problems
  • embrace uncertainty and appreciate that a static view is unhelpful
  • develop time management and organisational skills in both independent and team contexts.

Participating and contributing

Ākonga of Physics, Earth and Space Science will:

  • understand the implications of decisions in relation to concepts such as conservation of energy and adjust their own positions and that of others
  • apply understanding of concepts to real world examples 
  • critique the reliability and validity of evidence used in communication about science
  • use data to reach conclusions that can influence others about particular advances, for example, space travel, nuclear power, and climate change
  • develop and adapt communication styles that are appropriate to given audiences to discuss complex concepts.

Key Competencies

This section of The New Zealand Curriculum Online offers specific guidance to school leaders and teachers on integrating the Key Competencies into the daily activities of the school and its Teaching and Learning Programmes.

Connections

Physics, Earth and Space Science is interdisciplinary with direct links to Mathematics, Technology, the Social Sciences, Music, and the other sciences.

Some examples of links to other subjects are:

Technology

  • Advances in science can lead to new materials and resources for technological applications. New technologies allow science advancements and novel applications in fields such as medical science, engineering, product development, and resource management.

Geography

  • Earth and Space Science includes geology and the study of natural forces that shape the land and bodies of water. Geography includes the way that land and water resources are used by people.

Music

  • Physics includes the study of soundwaves. Musical instruments create soundwaves and musical performance includes the use of acoustics, amplification, and resonance.

Mathematics and Statistics

  • All sciences use statistics conventions for collecting and analysing data and Mathematics conventions for recognising and interpreting patterns.

Environment and Societies

  • Analysis of the interconnected nature of the natural environment and the impact of human decision making and action.

Physics, Earth and Space Science is interdisciplinary with direct links to Mathematics, Technology, the Social Sciences, Music, and the other sciences.

Some examples of links to other subjects are:

Technology

  • Advances in science can lead to new materials and resources for technological applications. New technologies allow science advancements and novel applications in fields such as medical science, engineering, product development, and resource management.

Geography

  • Earth and Space Science includes geology and the study of natural forces that shape the land and bodies of water. Geography includes the way that land and water resources are used by people.

Music

  • Physics includes the study of soundwaves. Musical instruments create soundwaves and musical performance includes the use of acoustics, amplification, and resonance.

Mathematics and Statistics

  • All sciences use statistics conventions for collecting and analysing data and Mathematics conventions for recognising and interpreting patterns.

Environment and Societies

  • Analysis of the interconnected nature of the natural environment and the impact of human decision making and action.

Learning Pathway

Engaging in Physics, Earth and Space Science will help ākonga to engage with different career options and pathways, and further study.

Technical skill learning around inquiry approaches, including interpreting evidence, and creating models and representations of physical phenomena will support ākonga in a range of pathways related to engineering, environmental management, scientific development, technology, or data analysis.

The ability to interpret and communicate information about complex issues will help ākonga to make informed, responsible decisions related to themselves, their communities, and the world. Aside from everyday life, this will also set up ākonga to pursue pathways in community development, business management and policy making. Understanding of how Earth’s systems interact and how human actions impact Earth and space systems provides a strong foundation for pathways relating to sustainability and ecosystems.

Engaging in Physics, Earth and Space Science will help ākonga to engage with different career options and pathways, and further study.

Technical skill learning around inquiry approaches, including interpreting evidence, and creating models and representations of physical phenomena will support ākonga in a range of pathways related to engineering, environmental management, scientific development, technology, or data analysis.

The ability to interpret and communicate information about complex issues will help ākonga to make informed, responsible decisions related to themselves, their communities, and the world. Aside from everyday life, this will also set up ākonga to pursue pathways in community development, business management and policy making. Understanding of how Earth’s systems interact and how human actions impact Earth and space systems provides a strong foundation for pathways relating to sustainability and ecosystems.

Ko te tauira reo Pākehā kē tēnei o te whārangi nei, i te korenga o tētahi tauira reo Māori.
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Introduction to Sample Course Outlines

Sample Course Outlines are being produced to help teachers and schools understand the new NCEA Learning and Assessment Matrices. Examples of how a year-long Physics, Earth and Space Science course could be constructed using the new Learning Matrix and Achievement Standards are provided here. They are indicative only and do not mandate any particular context or approach.

Sample Course Outlines are being produced to help teachers and schools understand the new NCEA Learning and Assessment Matrices. Examples of how a year-long Physics, Earth and Space Science course could be constructed using the new Learning Matrix and Achievement Standards are provided here. They are indicative only and do not mandate any particular context or approach.

Ko te tauira reo Pākehā kē tēnei o te whārangi nei, i te korenga o tētahi tauira reo Māori.

Assessment Matrix

Conditions of Assessment for internally assessed standards

These Conditions provide guidelines for assessment against internally assessed Achievement Standards. Guidance is provided on:

  • specific requirements for all assessments against this Standard
  • appropriate ways of, and conditions for, gathering evidence
  • ensuring that evidence is authentic.

Assessors must be familiar with guidance on assessment practice in learning centres, including enforcing timeframes and deadlines. The NZQA website offers resources that would be useful to read in conjunction with these Conditions of Assessment.

The learning centre’s Assessment Policy and Conditions of Assessment must be consistent with NZQA’s Assessment Rules for Schools with Consent to Assess. This link includes guidance for managing internal moderation and the collection of evidence.

Gathering Evidence

Internal assessment provides considerable flexibility in the collection of evidence. Evidence can be collected in different ways to suit a range of teaching and learning styles, and a range of contexts of teaching and learning. Care needs to be taken to allow students opportunities to present their best evidence against the Standard(s) that are free from unnecessary constraints.

It is recommended that the design of assessment reflects and reinforces the ways students have been learning. Collection of evidence for the internally assessed Standards could include, but is not restricted to, an extended task, an investigation, digital evidence (such as recorded interviews, blogs, photographs, or film), or a portfolio of evidence.

A separate assessment event is not needed for each Standard. Often assessment can be integrated into one activity that collects evidence towards two or three different Standards from a programme of learning. Evidence can also be collected over time from a range of linked activities (for example, in a portfolio).

Effective assessment should suit the nature of the learning being assessed, provide opportunities to meet the diverse needs of all students, and be valid and fair.

Ensuring Authenticity of Evidence

Authenticity of student evidence needs to be assured regardless of the method of collecting evidence. This must be in line with the learning centre’s policy and NZQA’s Assessment Rules for Schools with Consent to Assess.

Ensure that the student’s evidence is individually identifiable and represents the student’s own work. This includes evidence submitted as part of a group assessment and evidence produced outside of class time or assessor supervision. For example, an investigation carried out over several sessions could include assessor observations, meeting with the student at a set milestone, or student’s use of a journal or photographic entries to record progress.

These Conditions provide guidelines for assessment against internally assessed Achievement Standards. Guidance is provided on:

  • specific requirements for all assessments against this Standard
  • appropriate ways of, and conditions for, gathering evidence
  • ensuring that evidence is authentic.

Assessors must be familiar with guidance on assessment practice in learning centres, including enforcing timeframes and deadlines. The NZQA website offers resources that would be useful to read in conjunction with these Conditions of Assessment.

The learning centre’s Assessment Policy and Conditions of Assessment must be consistent with NZQA’s Assessment Rules for Schools with Consent to Assess. This link includes guidance for managing internal moderation and the collection of evidence.

Gathering Evidence

Internal assessment provides considerable flexibility in the collection of evidence. Evidence can be collected in different ways to suit a range of teaching and learning styles, and a range of contexts of teaching and learning. Care needs to be taken to allow students opportunities to present their best evidence against the Standard(s) that are free from unnecessary constraints.

It is recommended that the design of assessment reflects and reinforces the ways students have been learning. Collection of evidence for the internally assessed Standards could include, but is not restricted to, an extended task, an investigation, digital evidence (such as recorded interviews, blogs, photographs, or film), or a portfolio of evidence.

A separate assessment event is not needed for each Standard. Often assessment can be integrated into one activity that collects evidence towards two or three different Standards from a programme of learning. Evidence can also be collected over time from a range of linked activities (for example, in a portfolio).

Effective assessment should suit the nature of the learning being assessed, provide opportunities to meet the diverse needs of all students, and be valid and fair.

Ensuring Authenticity of Evidence

Authenticity of student evidence needs to be assured regardless of the method of collecting evidence. This must be in line with the learning centre’s policy and NZQA’s Assessment Rules for Schools with Consent to Assess.

Ensure that the student’s evidence is individually identifiable and represents the student’s own work. This includes evidence submitted as part of a group assessment and evidence produced outside of class time or assessor supervision. For example, an investigation carried out over several sessions could include assessor observations, meeting with the student at a set milestone, or student’s use of a journal or photographic entries to record progress.

1.1
Demonstrate understanding of human-induced change within the Earth system

Assessor involvement during the assessment event is limited to providing general feedback. They can suggest sections of student work that would benefit from further development, or skills a student may need to revisit across the work. Student work which has received sustained or detailed feedback is not suitable for submission towards this Standard.

Students may work in groups to plan and collect data but must work individually on all other stages of this Standard.

Students may access appropriate technology and resources.

1.2
Demonstrate understanding of a physical phenomenon through investigation

Assessor involvement during the assessment event is limited to providing general feedback. They can suggest sections of student work that would benefit from further development, or skills a student may need to revisit across the work. Student work that has received sustained or detailed feedback is not suitable for submission towards this Standard.

Ko te tauira reo Pākehā kē tēnei o te whārangi nei, i te korenga o tētahi tauira reo Māori.

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